About Staghorn Ferns
Platycerium bifurcatum is the species most commonly kept as a houseplant, though the genus encompasses around 18 species distributed across tropical Africa, Asia, and Australia. In the wild, staghorn ferns grow as epiphytes, anchoring themselves to tree bark and absorbing moisture and nutrients from the air and rain. Their two distinct frond types serve different purposes: the flat basal shields protect roots and collect debris for nutrients, while the forked, antler-like fertile fronds photosynthesize and, in mature plants, bear spores.
Light Requirements
Staghorn ferns need bright, indirect light. An east or west-facing spot works well. Direct midday sun can scorch the fronds, but insufficient light leads to weak, pale growth. Some varieties tolerate lower light but prefer brightness for vigorous development.
Watering a Mounted Staghorn
The most effective way to water a mounted staghorn fern is to submerge the entire mount in a bucket of water for 10-15 minutes, then allow it to drain fully. Alternatively, water generously with a watering can directed at the root area behind the basal fronds. In summer, water every 1-2 weeks; in winter, every 3-4 weeks. Mist the fronds regularly to maintain humidity.
Humidity and Temperature
Staghorn ferns prefer temperatures of 15-27 degrees C and high humidity. Avoid cold draughts, heating vents, and temperatures below 10 degrees C. Grouping with other plants, using a humidifier, or placing near a kitchen or bathroom helps maintain the moisture levels they enjoy.
Feeding
Feed monthly during spring and summer by diluting a balanced liquid fertiliser in water and applying it to the root area. Some growers tuck banana skins or compost behind the basal fronds as a slow-release nutrient source, mimicking the natural debris accumulation of their wild habitat.
Mounting Your Staghorn
Staghorn ferns can be mounted on a piece of weathered wood, cork bark, or a moss-lined board. Attach the plant using fishing line or wire threaded through the basal fronds until they anchor themselves naturally. Line the mounting area with sphagnum moss to retain moisture around the roots. Mounted specimens dry faster than potted ones, so monitor water requirements closely.
Propagation
Mature staghorn ferns produce pups (offsets) at the base. Once a pup has developed a few of its own basal fronds, it can be carefully detached with a clean knife and mounted separately on fresh bark with damp sphagnum moss. Wrap with fishing line until it establishes, then care for as a new plant.
