The jade plant: a long-lived classic
Crassula ovata - commonly called the jade plant, money plant, or money tree - is one of the most enduringly popular succulents in the world. Native to the Eastern Cape of South Africa, it grows naturally as a shrubby plant in dry rocky terrain. In the home it develops slowly into a handsome miniature tree with a thick, woody trunk, glossy oval leaves of deep green (often with red margins in bright light), and small clusters of white or pink flowers in winter when given enough light. With good care a jade plant can live for decades and become a genuine heirloom.
How to care for Crassula
Crassula need the most light you can give them indoors - a south- or west-facing windowsill is ideal. Without enough light, stems become long and leggy and the compact form is lost. Water thoroughly, then allow the compost to dry out completely before watering again. During winter, reduce watering to once a month or less. Crassula are very drought-tolerant and far more often killed by overwatering than underwatering. Use a gritty, free-draining compost mix. Feed with a dilute cactus and succulent fertiliser two or three times during the growing season.
Other Crassula species to explore
Beyond Crassula ovata there is a wonderful diversity within the genus. Crassula perforata (string of buttons) has stacked triangular leaves threaded along the stem like a column. Crassula muscosa (watch chain plant) forms dense, tightly packed towers of tiny scale-like leaves. Crassula falcata (propeller plant) has grey-green propeller-shaped leaves topped with clusters of scarlet flowers. Each has slightly different care requirements but all share the genus's tolerance of dry conditions and dislike of overwatering.
Training and shaping jade plants
One of the pleasures of growing Crassula ovata long-term is training it into a bonsai-like form. Prune back any branches that spoil the shape immediately after the growing season. New shoots will emerge from just below each cut, creating a denser, more branched canopy. Allow the plant to become slightly root-bound before repotting, which encourages flowering and keeps the plant compact. Repot in spring using a well-draining succulent compost, moving up only one pot size at a time.