Yes. Since photosynthesis relies entirely on chlorophyll to capture light, a variegated leaf acts like a solar panel with several cells taped over; it simply cannot generate the same amount of glucose as a solid green leaf of the identical size.
This creates an internal energy deficit where the green sections must work overtime to support the metabolic "dead weight" of the colourless patches.
Consequently, the plant has less surplus energy to invest in new stems or foliage, resulting in a significantly slower growth rate and a much lower tolerance for low-light environments.