Cacti and Succulents

All cacti are succulents, but not all succulents are cacti. The term 'succulent' describes any plant that stores water in fleshy leaves, stems, or roots as an adaptation to dry conditions. Cacti are a specific plant family (Cactaceae) distinguished by having structures called areoles, which are small cushion-like pads from which spines, flowers, and new growth emerge. Familiar succulents that are not cacti include Echeveria, Aloe, Haworthia, and Crassula.

Water thoroughly but infrequently. In spring and summer, water when the compost has dried out completely, which is typically every 2 to 4 weeks depending on the size of the pot and the temperature. In autumn and winter, reduce watering to once a month or less, and many cacti prefer to be kept almost dry over winter. Always use a pot with drainage holes and empty the saucer promptly. Overwatering is by far the most common cause of problems with these plants.

Most cacti and succulents require bright light, ideally a south or west-facing windowsill with several hours of direct sun per day. Without adequate light, they become 'etiolated', stretching towards the light source and losing their compact shape. In the UK, a supplementary grow light can help over the winter months when natural light levels are low. Some succulents such as Haworthia and Gasteria tolerate lower light than most, making them more versatile for shadier spots.

It depends on the species. Many succulents are non-toxic to cats and dogs, including Haworthia and Echeveria. However, some are mildly toxic, such as Aloe vera and certain Euphorbia species, which produce a milky sap that can cause irritation. Cacti spines also pose a physical hazard to curious pets. If you have pets and are concerned about toxicity, browse our pet-safe plant collection for confirmed safe varieties.

Cacti and succulents need a free-draining, gritty compost that dries out quickly after watering. Standard houseplant compost retains too much moisture and will cause root rot over time. A dedicated cactus and succulent mix, ideally blended with additional perlite or coarse grit, is the best choice. Our Desert Mix is peat-free and formulated specifically for these plants, providing excellent drainage and aeration.

Some can, but most of the species sold as houseplants in the UK are not frost-hardy and must be kept indoors or in a frost-free greenhouse over winter. A few cacti, such as Opuntia species, are surprisingly cold-tolerant and can survive mild UK winters in a sheltered, well-drained spot. Hardy succulents including Sempervivum (Houseleeks) and Sedum can be grown outdoors year-round. Always check the specific hardiness of a variety before leaving it outside.